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Outline for Research Paper ** I. ** Traditionally Japanese people can read Chinese writing, but Chinese people can not read Japanese writing. Both forms of Kanji originated from China, but today Kanji is read and is written differently in both countries. History has played in the change of Kanji language, due to wars, political changes, and cultures between both China and Japan. The evolution of the two nations has caused Chinese Kanji to differ from Japanese Kanji and made both forms of Kanji began to influence other countries to form a system of writing. ** II **. Around 2000 B.C. near the Yellow River in China the first forms of kanji were made. Kanji are Chinese characters that are used in Japanese, Korean, Taiwanese, and Chinese writing systems. 2000 years ago cracks on burned bones were interpreted as actual objects. . The cracks were found in the shells of turtles as well. The cracks were shown as symbols thus giving a written form for an object ** A.  ** There are many different stories as to how kanji began but the most known story is the Chinese version of how kanji began. The Chinese version says that the Chinese emperor, the one who was said to be responsible for the Chinese civilization, named Huandgi. It was his prime minister, Cang Jie, who observed the foot prints of birds as they walked. The God of heaven was so pleased he made grain fall from the sky. Though this merely a legend Cang Jie is represented with two eyes. Around 1000 B.C., with the disappearance of the Shang Dynasty there was a change. (J.P) The new dynasty began around 1100-221 B.C., Zhou, was really interested in the turtle shells and bones the matching recordings. The Zhou dynasty believed they must be defined as some sort of writing system. The characters weren’t unified in shape or sixe, but it was clear that they were used for writing. It was during this dynasty that Kanji took its true form of a reliable systematic tool for recording and reading.  ** B.  ** Over the years the strange characters were copied by scribes, but there was a problem. The characters changed form whenever a new scribed copied a character. This continued until new symbols were made, but with the same meanings as the old symbols. The non-genuine characters that were copied by the scribed soon became usual. Confucius made a statement around 500 B.C. New symbols were made up with time against the prejudice of etymology they were multiplied with out restraint. Times changed and China split into individual kingdoms. Each individual kingdom had its own form of writing, with new symbols each kingdom made its own form of a writing system. A century later with the Start of a new Dynasty, Qin, China came together. This time in history was very important. Everything in China is being normalized, road widths, weight and measurement units, and written characters. The multiplication of characters is due to the need of a progressing society is needed. New words need to be created because there are new objects being created into the new society, new ideas are made, and different concepts that require new words to describe them. China was ruled with a government that recorded everything that happens so making new characters is not a surprise. (J.P.)  ** C.  **  Over time writing became a public thing. In different villages more localized versions were created. The multiplication process began again all due to the fact that people couldn’t remember some characters so new made-up ones were created. Characters were changed and modified during this period of new characters because the way of writing the characters changed as well as the material used to make them. (J.P.)The characters were originally craved into wood and bronze; making it so the characters had to be identical in width. Present day China a minimum of 4,000 to 8,000 characters are required to know in order to read the new paper. About 100,000 Chinese characters are used through, but most of them are doubles of others. In modern Japan today there is a minimum of 2,000 kanji to be learned in order to read the simplest of news papers. In 206 B.C. to 220 A.D. the new dynasties, Han   , is when Kanji was Introduced into Japan.  ** D.  ** The Chinese writing system is the oldest writing system in East Asia. Common Chinese writing evolved from non-linguistic symbolic system that during the 3rd millennium BCE, many of the “pictograms” began appearing on pottery and jade. This happened as a way to show ownership or to identify a clan. Their language had been an inspiration and the basis for many of other East Asian writing systems. (J.P.) While others have faded into darkness or been disused, some are prominent and still in use. All together they are called the Sinitic Family of scripts. Around the 9th century Japan developed their own writing system based on syllables: Hiragana and Katakana. ** III **. The Fruition of Japanese writing, which was introduced to Japan in the 5th century via Korea, began with three different character sets: Kanji, Hiragana and Katakana. The kanji consist of several thousands of Chinese characters and Hiragana and Katakana consist of two syllabifies of 46 characters each, but when they are combined together they are called Kana. Kanji are nothing more than ideograms, each characters has its own meaning and is related to a word. By putting the character together you make words. The more characters you combine, the more words you create. (Kanji Guide) **A.** Different words and certain expressions are used when talking about a person or superior that is unknown. You wouldn’t use the same words when you would be addressing a child, family member or a friend. In assessment to other languages the Japanese language knows moderately few sounds. **2.** Simple, Bold, Traditional style. ( supporting evidence) **B.** New styles of Japanese Kanji. ( Second Point) **1.** Kana ( supporting evidence) **2**. Roman scripts ( supporting evidence)

** IV. ** How Chinese Kanji has changed since it was created? ( ** Second subtopic  ** ) **A**. Chinese Kanji today ( First Point) **1.** New ways of reading, and writing Chinese Kanji. ( Supporting evidence) **2.** How many new words have been added? ( Supporting evidence) **B.** Requirement that the government expects of its people. ( Second Point) **1.** New branches of Chinese Kanji. ( Supporting evidence) **2**. Why were these new ways of Chinese Kanji needed, ( supporting evidence) ** V **. How they both changed, and grew throughout the years. ( ** Fourth subtopic  ** ) **A**. Chinese Kanji began with one form. ( First Point) **1.** Traditional style writing.( supporting evidence) **2.** Simplified, and bold. ( supporting evidence) **B.** Japanese font changes; and beginning form. (Second Point) **1.** Mincho, Gothic, Gyousho ( supporting evidence) **2**. Kaisho, Marugothic, Kanteiryuu( supporting evidence) ** VI. ** Conclusion: Japanese and Chinese Kanji began in the same country. Over thousands of years the two languages have become different. One language greatly expanded and inspired other nations; while the other stay within its own nation and grew. It because changes of both countries histories have caused for use change in both languages and even today the languages still continue to change.